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During the heyday of the U.S. and international labour movements in the 1930s and 1940s, Ferdinand Smith, the Jamaican-born co-founder and second-in-command of the National Maritime Union (NMU), stands out as one of the most if not the most powerful black labour leaders in the United States. Smith's active membership in the Communist Party, however, coupled with his bold labour radicalism and shaky immigration status, brought him under continual surveillance by U.S. authorities, especially during the Red Scare in the 1950s. Smith was eventually deported to his homeland of Jamaica, where he continued his radical labour and political organizing until his death in 1961. Gerald Horne draws on Smith's life to make insightful connections between labour radicalism and the Civil Rights Movement demonstrating that the gains of the latter were propelled by the former and undermined by anticommunism. Moreover, "Red Seas" uncovers the little-known experiences of black sailors and their contribution to the struggle for labour and civil rights, the history of the Communist Party and its black members, and the significant dimensions of Jamaican labour and political radicalism.