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With significant progress made in recent years, the vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as potential lightwave sources for a variety of applications, including high speed optical interconnects, parallel data links, optical recording, 2-D scanning, and optical signal processing. This volume, which contains a collection of articles by experts on this topic, encompasses a broad discussion of the current trends in the development of the VCSELs. Discussions include material growths, structure designs, processing methods, performance analysis, improvement strategies, and future prospects. The above collection of articles provides an overview that may help newcomers to this field as well as engineers and researchers who are engaged in the research and development of this new device family.