Blind Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation

A Multicarrier Communication (MCM) system such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM or Discrete Multi Tone (DMT) system has been shown to be an effective technique to combat multipath fading in wireless communications. OFDM is a modulation scheme that allows digital data to be efficiently and reliably transmitted over a radio channel, even in multipath environments. OFDM transmits data by using a large number of narrow bandwidth carriers. These carriers are regularly spaced in frequency, forming a block of spectrum. The frequency spacing and time synchronization of the carriers is chosen in such a way that the carriers are orthogonal, meaning that they do not cause interference to each other. In spite of the success and effectiveness of the OFDM systems, it suffers from two well known draw backs: large Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and high sensitivity to Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO). The presence of the CFO in the received carrier will lose orthogonality among the carriers and because the CFO causes a reduction of desired signal amplitude in the output decision variable and introduces Inter Carrier Interference (ICI).